Evaluation of facial soft tissue parameters for Palestinians using Holdaway analysis

Abstract Objective: The aims of this study were to evaluate soft-tissue measurements for a Palestinian
sample population with normal occlusion by Holdaway’s analysis, and to check the applicability
of Holdaway values to the Palestinian population. Normal Holdaway values for Palestinians
will be established if their parameters do not match those of Holdaway.
Material and methods: Cephalometric radiographs of 93 Palestinian university students with normal
occlusion (63 women, mean age: 20.1 ±2.1 years; 30 men, mean age: 20.2 ±2.4 years) were
traced and evaluated. Cephalometric landmarks were located according to Holdaway analysis.
Ten linear and two angular measurements were produced on each radiograph.
Results: The soft-tissue measurements for the Palestinians were similar to the Holdaway norms,
except for the soft-tissue convexity angle and soft-tissue chin thickness, which were larger than
the Holdaway averages. The Palestinian sample had a narrower range for normal nose prominence,
as well as thicker lips, deeper superior and inferior sulci, and thicker soft-tissue chins than the Holdaway
values.