Abstract
Objective: To investigate if COVID-19 UK lockdown measures resulted in a delay in the presentation and treatment of patients with cauda equina syndrome (CES).
Methods: This is a multicenter retrospective study of patients with surgically treated CES across 3 time periods: April-May 2020 (first lockdown), August-September 2020 (no-lockdown group), and January-February 2021 (second lockdown). Data regarding duration of symptoms, time from referral to admission, time from admission to surgery, and postoperative outcomes were collected.
Results: A total of 56 patients (male: 26, female: 30, mean age: 44.3 years) were included in the study (n = 14, n = 18, and n = 24 in the 3 time periods, respectively). There was no significant difference in duration of symptoms across the time periods (12.6 days vs. 8.2 days vs. 3.8 days) (P = 0.16). Nearly all the patients were admitted within 48 hours of referral (n = 55, 98.2%). The majority of patients were operated on within 48 hours: first lockdown (n = 12, 85.7%), no-lockdown (n = 16, 88.9%), and second lockdown (n = 21, 87.5%). The length of hospital stay was significantly shorter in the second lockdown (3.3 days) versus the other 2 time periods (4.4 days and 6.4 days) (P = 0.02). Thirteen complications were present, with dural tear being the most common (n = 6, 10.7%). Majority reported symptom improvement (n = 53, 94.6%), with a similar number discharged home (n = 54, 96.4%).
Conclusion: Despite the pandemic, patients with CES were promptly admitted and operated on with good outcomes. Shorter duration of hospital stay could be attributed to adaptation of spinal services.
Keywords: COVID-19; Cauda equina syndrome; Multicenter; Outcome; Surgical decompression.